不做大哥好多年
xiaonaiqiang
2024-05-14
目录

03.SpringMVC入门

# 01.请求与响应

# 0、项目结构

springmvc01
├── pom.xml
├── springmvc01.iml
├── src
│   └── main
│       ├── java
│       │   └── com
│       │       └── example
│       │           ├── config
│       │           │   ├── ServletContainersInitConfig.java // 初始化和配置Servlet容器
│       │           │   └── SpringMvcConfig.java  // 配置Spring MVC
│       │           ├── controller
│       │           │   └── UserController.java
│       │           └── domain
│       │               ├── Address.java
│       │               └── User.java
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# 1、创建web项目

  • 1）创建web项目
  • 2）配置maven Tomcat启动项目（pom.xml）
  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
        <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.1</version>
        <configuration>
          <port>80</port>
          <path>/</path>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
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  • 3）添加java目录 并设置为源码目录
    • 右键main –> New —> Directory （创建 java 文件夹）
    • 设置java文件夹为源码目录

# 2、pom.xml

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.0</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.10.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
      <version>2.9.0</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
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# 3、config

# 1、SpringMvc

  • 1）config/SpringMvcConfig.java
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;

@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.example.controller")
//开启json数据类型自动转换
@EnableWebMvc
public class SpringMvcConfig {
}
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# 2、ServletContainers

  • 方法一：项目中建议使用
import org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;

import javax.servlet.Filter;

public class ServletContainersInitConfig extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
    protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[0];
    }

    protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[]{SpringMvcConfig.class};
    }

    protected String[] getServletMappings() {
        return new String[]{"/"};
    }

    //乱码处理
    @Override
    protected Filter[] getServletFilters() {
        CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();
        filter.setEncoding("UTF-8");
        return new Filter[]{filter};
    }
}
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  • 方法二：Bean的加载格式（自己创建 为了理解原理）
    • config/ServletContainersInitConfig.java

这是一个Spring MVC项目的配置类，用于初始化Servlet容器并配置Spring MVC

  • ServletContainersInitConfig类
    • 继承了AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer，是Spring MVC提供的一个基础类
    • 用于配置DispatcherServlet，即Spring MVC的前端控制器
  • createServletApplicationContext()
    • 用于创建Spring MVC的应用上下文，即Spring MVC的IoC容器
    • 在这个方法中，创建了AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext对象，这是基于注解的Web应用上下文
    • 然后，通过调用register(SpringMvcConfig.class)方法，注册了一个配置类SpringMvcConfig
    • 这个配置类中定义了Spring MVC的配置信息，最后，返回这个应用上下文对象
  • getServletMappings()方法
    • 用于设置由DispatcherServlet处理的请求映射路径
    • 在这个方法中，返回了一个字符串数组，其中只有一个元素"/"，表示所有请求都由DispatcherServlet处理
  • createRootApplicationContext()方法
    • 用于创建Spring的根应用上下文，即Spring的IoC容器
    • 在这个方法中，返回了null，表示没有创建根应用上下文
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer;

//web容器配置类
public class ServletContainersInitConfig extends AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer {
    //加载springmvc配置类，产生springmvc容器（本质还是spring容器）
    protected WebApplicationContext createServletApplicationContext() {
        //初始化WebApplicationContext对象
        AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
        //加载指定配置类
        ctx.register(SpringMvcConfig.class);
        return ctx;
    }

    //设置由springmvc控制器处理的请求映射路径
    protected String[] getServletMappings() {
        return new String[]{"/"};
    }

    //加载spring配置类
    protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext() {
        return null;
    }
}
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# 4、domain

  • 1）domain/User.java
public class User {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private Address address;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", address=" + address +
                '}';
    }

    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}
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  • 2）domain/Address.java
public class Address {
    private String province;
    private String city;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Address{" +
                "province='" + province + '\'' +
                ", city='" + city + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    public String getProvince() {
        return province;
    }

    public void setProvince(String province) {
        this.province = province;
    }

    public String getCity() {
        return city;
    }

    public void setCity(String city) {
        this.city = city;
    }
}
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# 5、control请求与响应

  • controller/UserController.java

# 1、数据请求

  • 1）GET传参
import com.example.domain.User;
import org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

//请求参数
@Controller
public class UserController {
  
    //1、普通参数
    //1.1 请求参数与形参名称对应即可完成参数传递
    //http://localhost/commonParam?name=zs&age=24
    @RequestMapping("/commonParam")
    @ResponseBody
    public String commonParam(String name ,int age){
        System.out.println("普通参数传递 name ==> "+name);
        System.out.println("普通参数传递 age ==> "+age);
        return "{'module':'common param'}";
    }

    //1.2 请求参数名与形参名不同时，使用@RequestParam注解
    //http://localhost/commonParamDifferentName?name=zs&age=24
    @RequestMapping("/commonParamDifferentName")
    @ResponseBody
    public String commonParamDifferentName(@RequestParam("name") String userName , int age){
        System.out.println("普通参数传递 userName ==> "+userName);
        System.out.println("普通参数传递 age ==> "+age);
        return "{'module':'common param different name'}";
    }

    //POJO参数：请求参数与形参对象中的属性对应即可完成参数传递
    //http://localhost/pojoParam?name=zhangsan&age=24&address.city=beij
    @RequestMapping("/pojoParam")
    @ResponseBody
    public String pojoParam(User user){
        System.out.println("pojo参数传递 user ==> "+user);
        return "{'module':'pojo param'}";
    }

    //1.3 数组参数 [zhangsan, lisi]
    //http://localhost/arrayParam?likes=zhangsan&likes=lisi
    @RequestMapping("/arrayParam")
    @ResponseBody
    public String arrayParam(String[] likes){
        System.out.println("数组参数传递 likes ==> "+ Arrays.toString(likes));
        return "{'module':'array param'}";
    }

    //1.4 集合参数：[zhangsan, lisi]
    // http://localhost/arrayParam?likes=zhangsan&likes=lisi
    @RequestMapping("/listParam")
    @ResponseBody
    public String listParam(@RequestParam List<String> likes){
        System.out.println("集合参数传递 likes ==> "+ likes);
        return "{'module':'list param'}";
    }

    // 2.日期参数
    //集合参数：json格式
    //1.开启json数据格式的自动转换，在配置类中开启@EnableWebMvc
    //2.使用@RequestBody注解将外部传递的json数组数据映射到形参的保存实体类对象的集合对象中，要求属性名称一一对应
    //http://localhost/listPojoParamForJson
    // [{"name":"zhangsan","age":24, "address": {"city":"beij"}}]
    @RequestMapping("/listPojoParamForJson")
    @ResponseBody
    public String listPojoParamForJson(@RequestBody List<User> list){
        System.out.println("list pojo(json)参数传递 list ==> "+list);
        return "{'module':'list pojo for json param'}";
    }

}
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  • 2）json参数
import com.example.domain.User;
import org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

//请求参数
@Controller
public class UserController {
    //1、json 传list
    // http://localhost/listParamForJson POST body:["bj", "sh"]
    @RequestMapping("/listParamForJson")
    @ResponseBody
    public String listParamForJson(@RequestBody List<String> likes){
        System.out.println("list common(json)参数传递 list ==> "+likes);
        return "{'module':'list common for json param'}";
    }

		//2、json 传 对象{}
    // http://localhost/pojoParamForJson POST body:{"name":"zhangsan","age":24}
    @RequestMapping("/pojoParamForJson")
    @ResponseBody
    public String pojoParamForJson(@RequestBody User user){
        System.out.println("pojo(json)参数传递 user ==> "+user);
        return "{'module':'pojo for json param'}";
    }

		//3、json 传数组对象 [{},{}]
    //http://localhost/listPojoParamForJson
    // [{"name":"zhangsan","age":24, "address": {"city":"beij"}}]
    @RequestMapping("/listPojoParamForJson")
    @ResponseBody
    public String listPojoParamForJson(@RequestBody List<User> list){
        System.out.println("list pojo(json)参数传递 list ==> "+list);
        return "{'module':'list pojo for json param'}";
    }
}
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# 2、数据响应

  • 1）返回json 对象
//返回值为实体类对象，设置返回值为实体类类型，即可实现返回对应对象的json数据，需要依赖@ResponseBody注解和@EnableWebMvc注解
@RequestMapping("/toJsonPOJO")
@ResponseBody
public User toJsonPOJO(){
    System.out.println("返回json对象数据");
    User user = new User();
    user.setName("itcast");
    user.setAge(15);
    return user;
}
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  • 2）返回对象列表
@RequestMapping("/toJsonList")
@ResponseBody
public List<User> toJsonList(){
    System.out.println("返回json集合数据");
    User user1 = new User();
    user1.setName("传智播客");
    user1.setAge(15);

    User user2 = new User();
    user2.setName("黑马程序员");
    user2.setAge(12);

    List<User> userList = new ArrayList<User>();
    userList.add(user1);
    userList.add(user2);

    return userList;
}
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  • 3）文本数据【了解】
//响应文本数据
//返回值为String类型，设置返回值为任意字符串信息，即可实现返回指定字符串信息，需要依赖@ResponseBody注解
@RequestMapping("/toText")
@ResponseBody
public String toText(){
    System.out.println("返回纯文本数据");
    return "response text";
}
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  • 4）响应页面【了解】
@Controller
public class UserController {

    //响应页面/跳转页面
    //返回值为String类型，设置返回值为页面名称，即可实现页面跳转
    @RequestMapping("/toJumpPage")
    public String toJumpPage(){
        System.out.println("跳转页面");
        return "page.jsp";
    }
}
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<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h2>Hello Spring MVC!</h2>
    </body>
</html>
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# 02.拦截器

# 0、概述

  • 1）拦截器（Interceptor）是一种动态拦截方法调用的机制，在SpringMVC中动态拦截控制器方法的执行

    • 作用：

      • 在指定的方法调用前后执行预先设定的代码

      • 阻止原始方法的执行

    • 核心原理：AOP思想

  • 2）拦截器和过滤器的区别

    • 归属不同：Filter属于Servlet技术，Interceptor属于SpringMVC技术

    • 拦截内容不同：Filter对所有访问进行增强，Interceptor仅针对SpringMVC的访问进行增强

  • 3）多个连接器工作流程分析
    • 当配置多个拦截器时，形成拦截器链
    • 拦截器链的运行顺序参照拦截器添加顺序为准
    • 当拦截器中出现对原始处理器的拦截，后面的拦截器均终止运行
    • 当拦截器运行中断，仅运行配置在前面的拦截器的afterCompletion操作

# 1、项目结构

springmvc_interceptor
├── pom.xml
├── src
│   └── main
│       ├── java
│       │   └── com
│       │       └── example
│       │           ├── config  // 项目配置
│       │           │   ├── ServletContainersInitConfig.java
│       │           │   ├── SpringMvcConfig.java
│       │           │   └── SpringMvcSupport.java
│       │           ├── controller
│       │           │   ├── BookController.java
│       │           │   └── interceptor  // 定义拦截器
│       │           │       ├── ProjectInterceptor.java
│       │           │       └── ProjectInterceptor2.java
│       │           └── domain
│       │               └── Book.java
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# 2、pom.xml

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.0</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.10.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
      <version>2.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>springmvc_interceptor</finalName>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
        <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.1</version>
        <configuration>
          <port>80</port>
          <path>/</path>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>

      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.8.0</version>
        <configuration>
          <source>1.8</source>
          <target>1.8</target>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>

    </plugins>
  </build>
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# 3、config配置

# 1）SpringMvc 配置拦截器

import com.example.controller.interceptor.ProjectInterceptor;
import com.example.controller.interceptor.ProjectInterceptor2;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ResourceHandlerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;

@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.example.controller"})
@EnableWebMvc
//实现WebMvcConfigurer接口可以简化开发，但具有一定的侵入性
public class SpringMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
    @Autowired
    private ProjectInterceptor projectInterceptor;
    @Autowired
    private ProjectInterceptor2 projectInterceptor2;

    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        //配置多拦截器
        registry.addInterceptor(projectInterceptor).addPathPatterns("/books","/books/*");
        registry.addInterceptor(projectInterceptor2).addPathPatterns("/books","/books/*");
    }
}
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# 2）ServletContainers

import org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;
import javax.servlet.Filter;

public class ServletContainersInitConfig extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
    protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[0];
    }

    protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[]{SpringMvcConfig.class};
    }

    protected String[] getServletMappings() {
        return new String[]{"/"};
    }

    //乱码处理
    @Override
    protected Filter[] getServletFilters() {
        CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();
        filter.setEncoding("UTF-8");
        return new Filter[]{filter};
    }
}
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# 4、domain

  • domain/Book.java
public class Book {
    private String name;
    private double price;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public double getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(double price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Book{" +
                "书名='" + name + '\'' +
                ", 价格=" + price +
                '}';
    }
}
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# 5、controller

# 1、controller/BookController.java

import com.example.domain.Book;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/books")
public class BookController {

    @PostMapping
    public String save(@RequestBody Book book){
        System.out.println("book save..." + book);
        return "{'module':'book save'}";
    }

    @DeleteMapping("/{id}")
    public String delete(@PathVariable Integer id){
        System.out.println("book delete..." + id);
        return "{'module':'book delete'}";
    }

    @PutMapping
    public String update(@RequestBody Book book){
        System.out.println("book update..."+book);
        return "{'module':'book update'}";
    }

    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public String getById(@PathVariable Integer id){
        System.out.println("book getById..."+id);
        return "{'module':'book getById'}";
    }

    @GetMapping
    public String getAll(){
        System.out.println("book getAll...");
        return "{'module':'book getAll'}";
    }
}
/*
preHandle...application/json
preHandle...222
afterCompletion...
*/
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# 2、interceptor拦截器

  • 1）controller/interceptor/ProjectInterceptor.java
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.method.HandlerMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

@Component
//定义拦截器类，实现HandlerInterceptor接口
//注意当前类必须受Spring容器控制
public class ProjectInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    @Override
    //原始方法调用前执行的内容
    //返回值类型可以拦截控制的执行，true放行，false终止
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        String contentType = request.getHeader("Content-Type");
        HandlerMethod hm = (HandlerMethod)handler;
        System.out.println("preHandle..."+contentType);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    //原始方法调用后执行的内容
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("postHandle...");
    }

    @Override
    //原始方法调用完成后执行的内容
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("afterCompletion...");
    }
}
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  • 2）controller/interceptor/ProjectInterceptor2.java
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.method.HandlerMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

@Component
public class ProjectInterceptor2 implements HandlerInterceptor {
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
//        String contentType = request.getHeader("Content-Type");
//        HandlerMethod hm = (HandlerMethod)handler;
        System.out.println("preHandle...222");
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("postHandle...222");
    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("afterCompletion...222");
    }
}
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上次更新: 2024/5/31 11:18:42
02.Spring之AOP
04.SpringMVC案例

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