02.ModelViewSet+ModelSerializer使用__回顾
# 1.DRF初始化
# 1.1 安装DjangoRestFramework
pip install djangorestframework==3.11.1
pip install django-filter==2.3.0 # 过滤器
pip install markdown # Markdown support for the browsable API.
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# 1.2 在syl/settings.py中注册
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django_filters',
'rest_framework',
]
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# 1.3 syl/settings.py配置DRF
# 过滤器
# 1,安装 django-filter
# 2,注册应用
# 3,配置settings, 在view里配置可过滤的字段
# 4,使用 查询字符串携带过滤信息
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
# 文档报错: AttributeError: ‘AutoSchema’ object has no attribute ‘get_link’
# 用下面的设置可以解决
'DEFAULT_SCHEMA_CLASS': 'rest_framework.schemas.AutoSchema',
# 默认设置是:
# 'DEFAULT_SCHEMA_CLASS': 'rest_framework.schemas.openapi.AutoSchema',
# 异常处理器
# 'EXCEPTION_HANDLER': 'user.utils.exception_handler',
# Base API policies
'DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES': [
'rest_framework.renderers.JSONRenderer',
'rest_framework.renderers.BrowsableAPIRenderer',
],
'DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES': [
'rest_framework.parsers.JSONParser',
'rest_framework.parsers.FormParser',
'rest_framework.parsers.MultiPartParser'
],
# 1.认证器
'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': [
'rest_framework.authentication.SessionAuthentication', # 使用session时的认证器
'rest_framework.authentication.BasicAuthentication' # 提交表单时的认证器
],
#2.权限配置(全局): 顺序靠上的严格
'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': [
# 'rest_framework.permissions.IsAdminUser', # 管理员可以访问
# 'rest_framework.permissions.IsAuthenticated', # 认证用户可以访问
# 'rest_framework.permissions.IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly', # 认证用户可以访问, 否则只能读取
# 'rest_framework.permissions.AllowAny', # 所有用户都可以访问
],
#3.限流
'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES': [
'rest_framework.throttling.AnonRateThrottle',
'rest_framework.throttling.UserRateThrottle',
],
#3.1限流策略
'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES': {
'user': '100/hour', # 认证用户每小时10次
'anon': '3/day',
},
'DEFAULT_CONTENT_NEGOTIATION_CLASS': 'rest_framework.negotiation.DefaultContentNegotiation',
'DEFAULT_METADATA_CLASS': 'rest_framework.metadata.SimpleMetadata',
'DEFAULT_VERSIONING_CLASS': None,
#4.分页(全局):全局分页器, 例如 省市区的数据自定义分页器, 不需要分页
'DEFAULT_PAGINATION_CLASS': 'rest_framework.pagination.PageNumberPagination',
# 每页返回数量
'PAGE_SIZE': 10, # 默认 None
#5.过滤器后端
'DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS': [
'django_filters.rest_framework.DjangoFilterBackend',
# 'django_filters.rest_framework.backends.DjangoFilterBackend', 包路径有变化
],
#5.1过滤排序(全局):Filtering 过滤排序
'SEARCH_PARAM': 'search',
'ORDERING_PARAM': 'ordering',
'NUM_PROXIES': None,
#6.版本控制:Versioning 接口版本控制
'DEFAULT_VERSION': None,
'ALLOWED_VERSIONS': None,
'VERSION_PARAM': 'version',
# Authentication 认证
# 未认证用户使用的用户类型
'UNAUTHENTICATED_USER': 'django.contrib.auth.models.AnonymousUser',
# 未认证用户使用的Token值
'UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN': None,
# View configuration
'VIEW_NAME_FUNCTION': 'rest_framework.views.get_view_name',
'VIEW_DESCRIPTION_FUNCTION': 'rest_framework.views.get_view_description',
'NON_FIELD_ERRORS_KEY': 'non_field_errors',
# Testing
'TEST_REQUEST_RENDERER_CLASSES': [
'rest_framework.renderers.MultiPartRenderer',
'rest_framework.renderers.JSONRenderer'
],
'TEST_REQUEST_DEFAULT_FORMAT': 'multipart',
# Hyperlink settings
'URL_FORMAT_OVERRIDE': 'format',
'FORMAT_SUFFIX_KWARG': 'format',
'URL_FIELD_NAME': 'url',
# Encoding
'UNICODE_JSON': True,
'COMPACT_JSON': True,
'STRICT_JSON': True,
'COERCE_DECIMAL_TO_STRING': True,
'UPLOADED_FILES_USE_URL': True,
# Browseable API
'HTML_SELECT_CUTOFF': 1000,
'HTML_SELECT_CUTOFF_TEXT': "More than {count} items...",
# Schemas
'SCHEMA_COERCE_PATH_PK': True,
'SCHEMA_COERCE_METHOD_NAMES': {
'retrieve': 'read',
'destroy': 'delete'
},
}
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# 1.4 创建user/serializers.py写序列化器
from rest_framework import serializers
from user.models import User
def address_validate(data):
# 独立校验器
# raise serializers.ValidationError('请填写实际地址') # 有错就抛出异常
# 没错就返回数据
return data
class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
# 1.独立校验器:重新设定字段, 替换掉模型中的设定, 重新设定地址的长度为5
address = serializers.CharField(max_length=255, min_length=5, validators=[address_validate])
# 2.单一字段验证, 验证地址
def validate_address(self, data):
if data == '测试':
raise serializers.ValidationError('请填写实际地址') # 有错就抛出异常
return data # 没错就返回结果
def validate_phone(self, data):
# 不符合手机号格式
# raise serializers.ValidationError('手机号格式不正确')
model = self.root.Meta.model
num = model.objects.filter(phone=data).count()
if num > 0:
raise serializers.ValidationError('手机号已存在')
return data
# 3.所有属性验证器
def validate(self, attrs):
# 所有属性验证器
# self.context 中有request和view上下文
# self.context['view'].action 可以取到动作
# attrs 是需要序列化的数据
# raise serializers.ValidationError('xxx错误') # 有问题报错
return attrs # 没问题返回数据
class Meta:
model = User
# fields = ('id', ) # 临时添加字段也需要写在这里
fields = '__all__' # 所有字段
# exclude = ['id'] # 排除 id 字段
read_only_fields = ('',) # 指定字段为 read_only,
# 扩展address: extra_kwargs = {} # 局部替换某些字段的设定, 或者新增设定
extra_kwargs = {
"address": {
"min_length": 5, # 给地址增加 最小长度限制
"default": '默认测试地址', # 增加默认值
}
}
class UserUnActiveSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = User
fields = ('id', 'username', 'is_active') # 临时添加字段也需要写在这里
# fields = '__all__' # 所有字段
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# 2. DRF 认证、权限、限流、分页、过滤、序列化
# 2.1 user/urls.py
from django.urls import include, path
from user import views
from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouter, DefaultRouter
# 自动生成路由方法, 必须使用视图集
# router = SimpleRouter() # 没有根路由 /user/ 无法识别
router = DefaultRouter() # 有根路由
router.register(r'user', views.UserViewSet)
urlpatterns = [
path('index/', views.index),
path('api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework')) # 认证地址
]
urlpatterns += router.urls # 模块地址
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# 2.2 user/views.py
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django_filters.rest_framework import DjangoFilterBackend
from rest_framework import viewsets
from rest_framework.authentication import BasicAuthentication, SessionAuthentication
from rest_framework.decorators import action
from rest_framework.filters import OrderingFilter
from rest_framework.permissions import AllowAny, IsAdminUser, IsAuthenticated, IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.throttling import UserRateThrottle
from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.permissions import BasePermission, SAFE_METHODS
from user.models import User
from user.serializers import UserSerializer, UserUnActiveSerializer
def index(request):
# 需要认证才能访问的视图
return HttpResponse('hello')
# 分页(局部):自定义分页器 局部
class PageNum(PageNumberPagination):
# 查询字符串中代表每页返回数据数量的参数名, 默认值: None
page_size_query_param = 'page_size'
# 查询字符串中代表页码的参数名, 有默认值: page
# page_query_param = 'page'
# 一页中最多的结果条数
max_page_size = 2
# 自定义权限(局部)
class MyPermission(BasePermission):
def has_permission(self, request, view):
print(view.kwargs.get("pk"), request.user.id)
"""判断用户对模型有没有访问权"""
# 任何用户对使用此权限类的视图都有访问权限
print(request)
if request.user.is_superuser:
# 管理员对用户模型有访问权
return True
elif view.kwargs.get('pk') == str(request.user.id):
# 携带的id和用户的id相同时有访问权
return True
return False
def has_object_permission(self, request, view, obj):
"""获取单个数据时,判断用户对某个数据对象是否有访问权限"""
if request.user.id == obj.id:
return True
return False
class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
"""
完成产品的增删改查
"""
queryset = User.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserSerializer # 优先使用 get_serializer_class 返回的序列化器
# # 1.认证:自定义认证类, 自定义会覆盖全局配置
# authentication_classes = (BasicAuthentication, SessionAuthentication)
# # 2.权限:自定义权限类
# permission_classes = (MyPermission,)
# 3.分页:自定义分页器 覆盖全局配置
pagination_class = PageNum
# 4.限流:自定义限流类
throttle_classes = [UserRateThrottle]
# 5.过滤:指定过滤方法类, 排序方法类, 一个或多个
filter_backends = (DjangoFilterBackend, OrderingFilter) # 同时支持过滤和排序
# 5.1指定排序字段, 不设置, 排序功能不起效
ordering_fields = ('date_joined', 'id') # ?ordering=-id
# 5.2指定过滤字段, 不设置, 过滤功能不起效
filter_fields = ('username', 'phone', 'is_active') # ?username=tom&phone=&is_active=true
# 根据不同的请求, 获得不同的序列化器
def get_serializer_class(self):
if self.action == 'unactived':
return UserUnActiveSerializer
else:
return UserSerializer
@action(methods=['get'], detail=False)
def unactived(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# 获取查询集, 过滤出未激活的用户
qs = self.queryset.filter(is_active=False)
# 使用序列化器, 序列化查询集, 并且是
ser = self.get_serializer(qs, many=True)
return Response(ser.data)
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# 3.测试接口
#1.查询所有用户
http://192.168.56.100:8888/user/user/
#2.查询id=1的用户
http://192.168.56.100:8888/user/user/1/
#3.查询 用户名(tom),激活的用户
http://192.168.56.100:8888/user/user/?username=tom&phone=&is_active=true
#4.查询所有用户 用id 反向排序
http://192.168.56.100:8888/user/user/?ordering=-id
#5.查询用户表中第一页,每页显示一条数据
http://192.168.56.100:8888/user/user/?page=1&page_size=1
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{
"count": 3,
"next": "http://192.168.56.100:8888/user/user/?is_active=&page=3&page_size=1&page_size=1&phone=&username=",
"previous": "http://192.168.56.100:8888/user/user/?is_active=&page_size=1&page_size=1&phone=&username=",
"results": [
{
"id": 2,
"address": "河南郑州市",
"password": "chn@1099",
"last_login": null,
"is_superuser": false,
"username": "zhangsan",
"first_name": "",
"last_name": "",
"email": "",
"is_staff": false,
"is_active": true,
"date_joined": "2020-09-20T13:41:58.528732Z",
"phone": "18538752511",
"img": null,
"nick_name": "吊炸天",
"groups": [],
"user_permissions": []
}
]
}
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上次更新: 2024/3/13 15:35:10