不做大哥好多年
xiaonaiqiang
2021-02-12
目录

23.python使用ES

# 01.安装连接

python ES客户端：https://elasticsearch-py.readthedocs.io/

elasticsearch官方文档：https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.10/nested.html

# 1.1 安装elasticsearch客户端

# pip install elasticsearch
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# 1.2 创建索引

from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

# 1.连接ES
es = Elasticsearch(["192.168.56.66:9200",])
# 2.创建索引
es.indices.create(index='python_es01',ignore=400)   # 注意:ignore可以忽略异常
# 3.删除索引
es.indices.delete(index='python_es01', ignore=[400, 404])
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  • 若需验证
# es = Elasticsearch(['192.168.56.66:9200'], http_auth=('xiao', '123456'), timeout=3600)
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  • 然后在dev-tools中查看操作结果

GET /python_es01

# 1.3 插入数据

from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch
from datetime import datetime

es = Elasticsearch(["192.168.56.66:9200",])

# 其中index表示插入的索引,doc_type表示数据类型,id表示主键,body表示要插入索引的内容
# 注意:因为elasticsearch中的数据格式为json,所以python中提供的数据类型为dict
es.index(index="my-index", doc_type="test-type", id=1, body={"any": "data01", "timestamp": datetime.now()})
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  • 在dev-tools中操作

get /my-index/test-type/1

# 1.4 查询数据

# 1.4.1 法1:使用id查询

from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(["192.168.56.66:9200",])
result = es.get(index="my-index",doc_type="test-type",id="1")
print(result)
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# 1.4.2 法2：使用DevTools中方法进行查询

from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(["192.168.56.66:9200",])

body={
  "query":{
    "match_all": {}
  }
}
result2 = es.search(index="my-index",doc_type="test-type",body=body)
print(result2)
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  • 查询结果
{
	"_index": "my-index",
	"_type": "test-type",
	"_id": "1",
	"_version": 1,
	"_seq_no": 0,
	"_primary_term": 1,
	"found": true,
	"_source": {
		"any": "data01",
		"timestamp": "2021-02-03T11:00:33.396408"
	}
}
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# 1.5 删除数据

  • 等同于：DELETE /my-index/test-type/1
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(["192.168.56.66:9200",])
result = es.delete(index="my-index",doc_type="test-type",id=1)
print(result)
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# 02.创建mapping

# 2.1 什么是mapping

  • mapping 在中的作用就是约束，数据类型声明
  • 它类似于静态语言中的数据类型声明，比如声明一个字段为String， 以后这个变量都只能存储String类型的数据。
  • 同样的， 一个number类型的mapping 字段只能存储number类型的数据。

# 2.2 自动创建mapping

# 2.2.1 自动创建数据

put /goods/fruit/1
{
  "name":"xiangjiao",
  "describe":"haochi tian",
  "price":40,
  "producer":"feilvbin",
  "tags":["xiangjiao","haochi"]
}
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# 2.2.2 查看mapping映射

GET /goods/_mapping

{
  "goods" : {
    "mappings" : {
      "properties" : {
        "describe" : {
          "type" : "text",
          "fields" : {
            "keyword" : {
              "type" : "keyword",
              "ignore_above" : 256
            }
          }
        },
        "name" : {
          "type" : "text",
          "fields" : {
            "keyword" : {
              "type" : "keyword",
              "ignore_above" : 256
            }
          }
        },
        "price" : {
          "type" : "long"
        },
        "producer" : {
          "type" : "text",
          "fields" : {
            "keyword" : {
              "type" : "keyword",
              "ignore_above" : 256
            }
          }
        },
        "tags" : {
          "type" : "text",
          "fields" : {
            "keyword" : {
              "type" : "keyword",
              "ignore_above" : 256
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
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# 2.3 mapping说明

http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2017/08/elasticsearch.html

# 2.3.1 mapping分词器

  • analyzer是字段文本的分词器
  • search_analyzer是搜索词的分词器
  • ik_max_word分词器是插件ik提供的，可以对文本进行最大数量的分词

# 2.3.2 域类型

  • 字符串: text , keyword
    • text：当一个字段需要用于全文搜索(会被分词)
    • keyword：当一个字段需要按照精确值进行过滤、排序、聚合等操作时, 就应该使用keyword类型
  • 整数 : byte, short, integer, long

    • byte 有符号的8位整数, 范围: [-128 ~ 127]

    • short 有符号的16位整数, 范围: [-32768 ~ 32767]

    • integer 有符号的32位整数, 范围: [$-2^{31}$ ~ $2^{31}$-1]

    • long 有符号的32位整数, 范围: [$-2^{63}$ ~ $2^{63}$-1]

  • 浮点数: float, double

    • float 32位单精度浮点数

    • double 64位双精度浮点数

  • 布尔型: boolean

    • 真值: true, "true", "on", "yes", "1"...

    • 假值: false, "false", "off", "no", "0", ""(空字符串), 0.0, 0

  • 日期: date

# 04.手动创建mapping

ID 书名 作者 价格 描述 出版时间
id name author price desc pub_date
1 三国演义 罗贯中 88 三国争雄 2014-9-12
2 水浒传 施耐庵 106 宋江梁山起义 2018-01-27
3 西游记 吴承恩 206 唐僧师徒四人 2020-10-10
4 红楼梦 曹雪芹 88 石头记 2021–09-18
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(["192.168.56.66:9200",])
mappings = {
	"mappings": {
		"properties": {
			"name": {
				"type": "text",
				"analyzer": "ik_max_word",
				"search_analyzer": "ik_max_word"
			},
			"author": {
				"type": "text",
				"analyzer": "ik_max_word",
				"search_analyzer": "ik_max_word"
			},
			"price": {
				"type": "long",
			},
			"desc": {
				"type": "text",
				"analyzer": "ik_max_word",
				"search_analyzer": "ik_max_word"
			},
			"pub_date": {
				"type": "text",
				"analyzer": "ik_max_word",
				"search_analyzer": "ik_max_word"
			},
		}
	}
}
res = es.indices.create(index = 'books',body =mappings)
print(res)
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  • 在浏览器管理页面，查询mappings创建结果

GET /books/_mapping

# 04.添加数据

# 4.1 for循环添加数据

D 书名 作者 价格 描述 出版时间
id name author price desc pub_date
1 三国演义 罗贯中 88 三国争雄 2014-09-12
2 水浒传 施耐庵 106 宋江梁山起义 2018-01-27
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch('192.168.56.66:9200')
list = [
    {
     "name": "三国演义",
     "author": "罗贯中",
     "price": 88,
     "desc": "三国争雄",
     "pub_date": "2014-09-12"
    },
    {
     "name": "水浒传",
     "author": "施耐庵",
     "price": 106,
     "desc": "宋江梁山起义",
     "pub_date": "2018-01-27"
    }
]
for item in list:
    res = es.index(index='books', body=item)
    print(res['created'])
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# 4.2 bulk批量添加数据

ID 书名 作者 价格 描述 出版时间
id name author price desc pub_date
3 西游记 吴承恩 206 唐僧师徒四人 2020-10-10
4 红楼梦 曹雪芹 88 石头记 2021–09-18
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch
from elasticsearch.helpers import bulk

es = Elasticsearch(["192.168.56.66:9200",])
list = [
    {
     "name": "西游记",
     "author": "吴承恩",
     "price": 206,
     "desc": "唐僧师徒四人",
     "pub_date": "2020-10-10"
    },
    {
     "name": "红楼梦",
     "author": "曹雪芹",
     "price": 88,
     "desc": "石头记",
     "pub_date": "2021–09-18"
    }
]
ACTIONS = []
i = 10
for line in list:
    action = {
        "_index": 'books',
        "_id": i,  # _id 也可以默认生成，不赋值
        "_source": {
            "name": line['name'],
            "author": line['author'],
            "price": line['price'],
            "desc": line['desc'],
            "pub_date": line['pub_date']}
    }
    i += 1
    ACTIONS.append(action)

# 批量处理
success, _ = bulk(es, ACTIONS, index='books', raise_on_error=True)
print('Performed %d actions' % success)
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# 05.查询所有数据

# 5.1 查询所有数据

# 5.1.1 查询所有数据

from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(["192.168.56.66:9200",])
result = es.search(index="es_test",)
print((result))
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# 5.1.2 根据body查询所有数据

from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(["192.168.56.66:9200",])
body = {
    "query":{
        "match_all":{}
    }
}
result = es.search(index="es_test",body=body)
print(result)
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# 5.2 查询结果

{
	"took": 0,
	"timed_out": false,
	"_shards": {
		"total": 1,
		"successful": 1,
		"skipped": 0,
		"failed": 0
	},
	"hits": {
		"total": {
			"value": 4,
			"relation": "eq"
		},
		"max_score": 1.0,
		"hits": [{
			"_index": "books",
			"_type": "_doc",
			"_id": "Vac9bXcBpdA8au-rDwE0",
			"_score": 1.0,
			"_source": {
				"name": "水浒传",
				"author": "施耐庵",
				"price": 106,
				"desc": "宋江梁山起义",
				"pub_date": "2018-01-27"
			}
		}, {
			"_index": "books",
			"_type": "_doc",
			"_id": "10",
			"_score": 1.0,
			"_source": {
				"name": "西游记",
				"author": "吴承恩",
				"price": 206,
				"desc": "唐僧师徒四人",
				"pub_date": "2020-10-10"
			}
		}, {
			"_index": "books",
			"_type": "_doc",
			"_id": "11",
			"_score": 1.0,
			"_source": {
				"name": "红楼梦",
				"author": "曹雪芹",
				"price": 88,
				"desc": "石头记",
				"pub_date": "2021–09-18"
			}
		}, {
			"_index": "books",
			"_type": "_doc",
			"_id": "VqdJbXcBpdA8au-r0AHI",
			"_score": 1.0,
			"_source": {
				"name": "三国演义",
				"author": "罗贯中",
				"price": 88,
				"desc": "三国争雄",
				"pub_date": "2014-09-12"
			}
		}]
	}
}
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# 06.term和terms模糊查询

  • term是代表完全匹配，即不进行分词器分析，文档中必须包含整个搜索的词汇
  • terms与term区别是可以按照多个“关键字” 过滤

# 6.1 term

  • 查找 title 字段中包含："电视"关键字的内容
  • term是代表完全匹配，即不进行分词器分析，文档中必须包含整个搜索的词汇
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(["192.168.56.66:9200",])
body = {
  "query":{
    "term": {
      "name": {
        "value": "三国"     # 查找 title 字段中包含："三国"关键字的内容
      }
    }
  }
}
result = es.search(index="books",body=body)
print(result)
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# 6.2 terms

  • 查找name字段包含："三国"或者"红楼"关键字
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(["192.168.56.66:9200",])
body = {
  "query":{
    "terms": {
      "name": [     # 查找name字段包含："三国"或者"红楼"关键字
        "三国",
        "西游"
      ]
    }
  }
}
result = es.search(index="books",body=body)
print(result)
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# 07.match和multi_match

  • match：智能在一个字段匹配
  • multi_match：多个字段同时匹配
  • 作用：把搜索关键字 先分词在搜索
    • 比如"宝马多少马力"会被分词为"宝马 多少 马力", 所有有关"宝马 多少 马力", 那么所有包含这三个词中的一个或多个的文档就会被搜索出来。

# 7.1 match

from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(["192.168.56.66:9200",])
body = {
  "query":{
    "match": {
      "name": "三国"
    }
  }
}
result = es.search(index="books",body=body)
print(result)
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# 7.2 multi_match

from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(["192.168.56.66:9200",])
body = {
  "query": {
    "multi_match": {
      "query": "吴承恩",                   #查询的内容为  吴承恩
      "fields": ["name","author"]          #查询 图书名称 或者 作者包含 吴承恩 关键字
    }
  }
}
result = es.search(index="books", body=body)
print(result)
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# 08.ids根据多个id查询

from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(["192.168.56.66:9200",])
body = {
  "query": {
    "ids": {
      "values": [10,11]      # 查询id为：10或者11的数据
    }
  }
}
result = es.search(index="books",body=body)
print(result)
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# 09.复合查询bool

  • must:必须都满足条件

  • should:其中一个满足

  • must_not:必须都不满足

# 9.1 must

  • 图书名称同时包含："西游" 作者包含："唐僧"
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(["192.168.56.66:9200",])
body = {
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        { "term": { "name": { "value": "西游" } } },
        { "term": { "desc": { "value": "唐僧" } } }
      ]
    }
  }
}

result = es.search(index="books",body=body)
print(result)
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# 9.2 should

  • 图书名称 包含 “西游” 或者 描述中 包含 “石头记”
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(["192.168.56.66:9200",])
body = {
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "should": [
        { "term": { "name": { "value": "西游" } } },
        { "term": { "desc": { "value": "石头记" } } }
      ]
    }
  }
}

result = es.search(index="books",body=body)
print(result)
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# 9.3 must_not

图书名称 不包含 “西游” 和 描述中 不包含 “石头记”得所有图书

from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(["192.168.56.66:9200",])
body = {
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must_not": [
        { "term": { "name": { "value": "西游" } } },
        { "term": { "desc": { "value": "石头记" } } }
      ]
    }
  }
}

result = es.search(index="books",body=body)
print(result)
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# 10.分页

# 10.1 分页查询

from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(["192.168.56.66:9200",])

body = {
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}   #这里是查询的条件部分
  },
  "from": 0,         #从第几条开始查
  "size": 2         #一次查多少条数据
}
result = es.search(index="books",body=body)
print(result)
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# 10.2 范围查询加分页

from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(["192.168.56.66:9200",])
body = {
  "query": {
    "range": {      # 查找图书价格在 10~100 之间的书籍
      "price": {
        "gte": 10,
        "lte": 100
      }
    }
  },
  "from": 0,
  "size": 10
}
result = es.search(index="books",body=body)
print(result)
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# 11.前缀查询

# 11.前缀查询

from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(["192.168.56.66:9200",])
body = {
  "query": {
    "prefix": {
      "author": {
        "value": "吴"     # 查找图书作者 姓 吴 
      }
    }
  }
}
result = es.search(index="books",body=body)
print(result)
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# 12.通配符查询

# 12.通配符查询

  • *无忌: 以无忌结尾的都要
  • 张*: 以张开头的都要
  • 张*忌: 张无忌,张有忌,张1234忌都是我的菜
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(["192.168.56.66:9200",])
body = {
  "query": {
    "wildcard": {       #使用通配符
      "author": {
        "value": "*承恩"
      }
    }
  }
}
result = es.search(index="books",body=body)
print(result)
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# 13.排序

# 13.排序

  • Sort是数组,也可以同时对多个字段进行排序,asc升序,desc降序
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(["192.168.56.66:9200",])
body = {
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  },
  "sort": [
    {
      "price": {
        "order": "desc"    # 查找所有图书，以 价格 降序
      }
    }
  ]
}
result = es.search(index="books",body=body)
print(result)
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# 14.聚合函数

# 14.聚合函数

  • 求最小值:min
  • 求最大值:max
  • 求平均值:avg
  • 求和:sum
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(["192.168.56.66:9200",])
body = {
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  },
  "aggs": {               #这里是聚合函数的意思
    "价格最低书籍": {          #自定义的字段名称
      "min": {            #求最小值
        "field": "price"      #要求那个字段的最小值
      }
    }
  }
}
result = es.search(index="books",body=body)
print(result)
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# 15.同时查询多条聚合函数

# 15.同时查询多条聚合函数

from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(["192.168.56.66:9200",])
body = {
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  },
  "aggs": {
    "图书总价格": {
      "sum": {
        "field": "price"
      }
    },
    "图书平均价格":{
      "avg": {
        "field": "price"
      }
    }
  }
}
result = es.search(index="books", body=body)
print(result)
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# 16.过滤查询

# 16.过滤查询

# 查询_id属性:
result = es.search(index="person",doc_type="daxia",filter_path=["hits.hits._id"])

# 查询_source属性:
result = es.search(index="person",doc_type="daxia",filter_path=["hits.hits._source"])

# 默认全查:
result = es.search(index="person",doc_type="daxia",filter_path=["hits.hits._*"])

# 查询当前数据总数
result = es.count(index="person",doc_type="daxia")
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# 17.删除

# 17.1 关键字删除

from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(["192.168.56.66:9200",])
body = {
    "query":{
    "term": {
      "school.name": "华山派"
    }
  }
}
result = es.delete_by_query(index="person",doc_type="daxia",body=body)
print(result)
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# 17.2 年龄范围删除

from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(["192.168.56.66:9200",])
body = {
    "query": {
    "range": {
      "age": {
        "lte": 20      #删除小于等于20岁的人
      }
    }
  }
}

result = es.delete_by_query(index="person",doc_type="daxia",body=body)
print(result)
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# 18.按条件更新

# 18.按条件更新

  • 重点: 更新查询条件为年龄小于等于20岁的人,
  • 其中script中为脚本语法(有坑,详细内容还未查询),修改多项内容,内容与内容之间用”;”号间隔
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch(["192.168.56.66:9200",])
body = {
    "script": {
        "source": "ctx._source['age']=21;ctx._source['name']='renyy'"
    },
    "query": {
        "range": {
            "age": {
                "lte": 20
            }
        }
    }
}
result = es.update_by_query(index="person",doc_type="daxia",body=body)
print(result)
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上次更新: 2024/3/20 16:09:51
22.中文分词检索
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